By 1931 Rudolf Carnap had an integrated perspective consisting of a method, a view, a stance, and a well-developed sense of "us" versus "them". Insofar as the popular conception of logical positivism is based on anything at all, it is largely the perspective of 1931 that is at issue. This perspective is not, however, Carnap"s mature view. This paper attempts to illuminate Carnap"s later and more mature view by focusing on the character of his importantly different prior perspective. My focus not only highlights aspects of the latter view but also reveals features of the earlier situation that helped provoke the changes in Carnap"s philosophy and to provoke as well Quine"s challenges to that philosophy.