In this paper I discuss a widespread cultural phenomenon, superstition, from an adaptive point of view. At first, I propose a general interpretative framework, based on the concept of abduction. Then, I analyze two reductionist theories. The first one, Sociobiology, considers superstition as a strategy to control the population growth, an extension of an adaptive biological behavior. The second one, Memetics, transfers the adaptive role of superstition to an evolutionary mechanism separated from the biological one. I criticize both proposals and I suggest an alternative non-reductionist interpretation: superstitions can be considered as strategies aimed at the cohesion of a population.