In the past two decades the efforts of the international community to promote sustainable peace after conflict and rebuild countries devastated by war have run parallel to initiatives to promote justice for the atrocities committed. In the 1990s, in response to the international crimes committed in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, two ad-hoc tribunals were established: the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), situated in The Hague and Arusha respectively. As these tribunals conclude their mandates, practitioners, academics, bilateral donors and international organizations seem to agree that their work has been essential for the advancement of international justice and to respond to the specific crimes in those regions. However, the future of internationally supported criminal justice is unlikely to follow such a model. There were many criticisms of the ad-hoc tribunals, from their great cost to their distance from the communities where the crimes were committed.