Innovation capacity and knowledge absorption are recognized in the literature as two fundamental enablers to achieve growth through innovation. Technology transfer is based on knowledge absorption that is crucial in the innovation process. In African countries, especially sub-Saharan countries, technology transfer is even more important since it allows countries to emerge from poverty and weak economic growth. Do China-Senegal partnerships favor Senegal's innovation capacity building? This chapter will review the importance of knowledge absorption and the difficulty of its construction in Senegal, before studying the links between Senegal and China. Although the Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in Senegal are growing in recent years, the relations between the two countries remain an opportunistic relation rather than a real transfer of knowledge.