Pierre Bourdieu's theory of social fields underlies the theoretical approach to analyze the conflict between professional creationists and anti-creationists in the United States. This choice from among the variety of social scientific theories is not arbitrary, because both the history of the conflict (see Chaps.  3 and  4) and the analysis of previous research on creationism (Chap.  5) provide open questions and problems that can be addressed in the framework of Bourdieu's work.