This introduction examines the changing concept of glocalization as a critical theory, specifically its implications on language and literature. Viewed as a spatial and temporal notion, glocalization impacts, and is impacted by, the way in which languages are spoken, the choice of the language as well as its established and emerging varieties. The repercussions on literature are equally diverse and problematic, as glocalization addresses issues of how world literatures can and should be viewed, asking questions of what is read and by whom. The pedagogical implications of glocalization are equally powerful as they determine the nature of the millennial classroom. How language varieties, especially of English, impact the way in which communication occurs, and how old literary canons are questioned while new ones are suggested, will determine the course of current debates in an increasingly glocal world.