Tosaka distinguished "the spirit of science or technology" from "the scientific or technological spirit". For him, the spirit of science or the business of taking "things' as objects and reflecting their truth, and the spirit of technology that creates "things", were not separate. The positivist spirit that constitutes the essence of the spirit of science is by no means something to be confined to a cramped laboratory. It exists within the broad framework of the productive mechanisms of society. It is for precisely this reason that, in essence, it is one with the spirit of technology. When this spirit becomes further expanded to the critique of ideology as false consciousness it becomes scientific and technological.