The Open University (OU) Systems Group have been presenting distance learning based management courses, which include a large element of systems ideas and concepts, for more than twenty years in the undergraduate programme. Since 1983 the Open University Business School (OUBS) has introduced and developed many of these ideas in their three levels of management development courses — the Professional Certificate in Management for new or aspiring managers, the Professional Diploma for middle managers, and the MBA aimed at senior managers.