Some three score years ago, the Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess found himself dissatisfied with "what are called "theories of truth" in philo-sophical literature".¹ "The discussion has already lasted some 2500 years", he wrote. "The number of participants amounts to a thousand, and the number of articles and books devoted to the discussion is much greater." In this great ocean of words, he went on, the philosophers had often made bold statements about what "the man in the street" or "Das Volk" or "la conscience humaine" made of truth or Wahrheit or vérité. And Naess had a few simple questions about these claims (Naess, 1938, pp. 12–15): "How do the philosophers know these things? What is the source of their knowledge? What have they done to arrive at it? … their writings", he complained, "contain almost nothing of this matter".² And so Naess began the research that resulted in the publication in 1938 of his first book in English: "Truth" as Conceived by Those Who Are Not Professional Philosophers.