The present volume assembles a relevant set of studies of argument by analogy, which address this topic in a systematic fashion, either from an essentially theoretical perspective, or from the perspective of it being applied to different fields like politics, literature, law, medicine, science in general, and philosophy. All result from original research conducted by their authors for this publication. Thus, broadly speaking, this is an exception which we find worthy of occupying a special place in the sphere of the bibliography on the argument by analogy. In effect, most of the contexts of the publications on this topic focus on specific areas, for example everyday discourse, science or law theory, while underestimating or sometimes even ignoring other interdisciplinary scopes, as is the case of literature, medicine or philosophy. The idiosyncrasy of this volume is that the reader and the researcher may follow the development of different theoretical outlooks on argument by analogy, while measuring the scope of its (greater or lesser) application to the aforementioned areas as a whole; which, in our view, is extraordinarily positive and enriching. However, how this can be implemented is not so clear; for example, what argument by analogy in medicine or in philosophy is, when assessed and interpreted in the light of contemporary argumentation theories, is not quite straightforward; which is surely a challenge and an important stimulus for developing these theories later.