Resistance was virtually impossible in the labor-intensive concentration camps throughout Germany and in the extermination camps of Poland. In the concentration camps, the Häftlinge (prisoners) had their bodies eroded as they were worked to death as Untermenschen.¹ The manual labor, often consisting often- to twelve-hour work days, took its toll on the prisoners. The inmates also suffered from hunger, thirst, fatigue, and physical beatings. Diseases spread among the camp members, who constantly suffered from typhus, dysentery, and diarrhea. Charlotte Delbo, a survivor of Auschwitz, recalled that a body eroded with disease was predominantly concerned with survival (and certainly not resistance): "One can turn a human being into a skeleton gurgling with diarrhea, without time or energy to think."² Inmates were also weakened by being forced to stand outside for hours during roll calls, exposing their bodies to brutally cold temperatures, snow, or rain. Prisoners were always covered with mud, grease, blood, and excrement without having access to proper sanitary facilities. Those who lost the ability to bathe and cleanse themselves soon lost their dignity as well.