The nineteenth-century writings of Karl Marx and Frederich Engels have been fundamental to various political regimes in recent history, including that of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, Joseph Stalin's rule in the Soviet Union from the 1920s and Mao Zedong's communist China from 1949. Over the same period in many Western countries, their writings were condemned by the authorities and elites as little more than communist ideology. Their popularity as political texts fell alongside significant world events such as the collapse of communism in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union between 1989 and 1991, but rose with other events (such as the student movements of the 1960s and the global financial crisis of 2008), when the downside of "free market' philosophies and globalisation became more apparent. As works of scholarship, on the other hand, their insertion into the intellectual diet of the English-speaking world was somewhat delayed, for many works went unpublished during their lifetimes, were restricted initially to the German and, later, Russian languages, and editions were often heavily edited by the regime or party in power. As a consequence, their works became part of the English-speaking intellectual sector only with the rise of the student and civil rights movements of the 1960s.