Michel Foucault's work has had a major impact on the social sciences and a smaller, yet growing impact on studies in education. This chapter traces the influence of his work in scholarship on the internal logics and development of psychology and sociology, to illustrate its significance for understanding the production and effects of subjectivity and modern society, governance and neoliberal forms of accountability, and power and individual freedom, and hence its implications for the framings and recent analysis of research in education on these matters.