The main goal of this paper is to shed light on the relationship between the theory of action formulated by Tadeusz Kotarbiński (1886–1981) in the context of praxiology and the selected contemporary theories of action presented and defended by the analytic philosophers, concerning the problem of agency. The following considerations are motivated mostly by the fact that Polish philosophy of action still remains little known among many contemporary theorists of action. In light of the increasing significance of philosophy of action in the field of analytic philosophy, the answer to the question of whether Kotarbiński's theory and contemporary approaches have something in common seems needed and valuable.